Monday, May 25, 2020

Finding Justification For The Existence Of Minds - 1514 Words

The problem of other minds, in philosophy, addresses the issue of finding justification for the existence of minds other than one’s own. The issue is one that logically and chronologically follows the resolution of whether the individual mind truly exists, for if an individual admits to being, or at least having, a mind, then the question of whether consciousness exists in other beings shortly follows. Put simply, the problem states: if one can only observe the behavior of others, and if one cannot prove the actuality of any thoughts other than one’s own, then how can one know that others have minds? That is, the presence of complex behavior does not provide proof of mentality. While the answer seems simple if examined superficially, the proof and reasoning remains difficult to articulate. It is reasonable to assume that because I have a thinking mind—that which reasons, feels, remembers, and is self-aware—then the human beings surrounding me must surely h ave the same; however, philosophy calls in to question the reality of â€Å"ingenious automata,† or mechanical computers made to imitate a human beings (Russell 248). Could the beings surround one’s self be humans with similar human minds, or could they be humanoid robots created to act and react as humans would? This possible, although admittedly improbable, suggestion forces one to contemplate and legitimize the idea of personhood as it applies to beings other than one’s self. Bertrand Russell, noted British philosopher,Show MoreRelatedKierkegaard Essay519 Words   |  3 PagesKierkegaard Kierkegaard felt that subjective reflection was more crucial to the individual life than objective reflection because it focused on passion and human existence instead of logic and impersonal truth. The objective world is the world of facts and truth independent of the perceptions of humans. Objective reflection focuses on what actually is, in the objective world. Objective reflection centers on the things and ideas in the world that can give meaning to life. The subjective worldRead MoreWhat Is Knowledge? : Nature Of Belief, Justification And Truth Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesbeliefs. For the basis of this paper, the three sub topics of the logos knowledge, which are the nature of belief, justification and truth, will be discussed further into detail. These are considered the criteria/rules for the concept of knowledge. The first sub-branch is the nature of belief. Philosophy is all about finding answers to our questions about the world and of our existence. How does a belief qualify as knowledge? When we believe in something, we take it to be regarded as true. A beliefRead More Finding Yourself Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesFinding Yourself Hidden under every cloak, every item of clothing, and all makeup lies a body. Under the skin of a body lies a soul, and a mind of thoughts. Reaching further we search for where the thoughts were born. As an embryo we are brought into this world, and raised by our creators. From them we are taught life. Depending on our parents or whoever is raising us we become a person, with thoughts, feelings, emotions, and ideas. Looking deeper it becomes clear that all idea’sRead MoreTok Essay - Ethics and Math1702 Words   |  7 Pages10. Through different methods of justification, we can reach conclusions in ethics that are as well-supported as those provided in mathematics. To what extent would you agree? One could argue that mathematics and ethics are the underlying essentials above which our society has based itself. Scores of cities have built their infrastructures using measurements and methods founded in mathematics. Our inherent ethical natures have catalyzed the great minds from ancient civilizations to create democraciesRead MoreNotes on Chapter Two- Does the Center Hold? Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesTruth Is Beauty, Beauty Is Truth Rationalist Epistemology Epistemology * Theory of knowledge; often provokes big questions on the meaning and justifications of conventional knowledge. * Ex; What is knowledge? Can we know anything for certain? What are the limitations of what we know? * Socrates began to question the usual perceptions of knowledge, advocating for a clearer picture than common sense allowed. The Philosophy of Plato * You cannot claim to know somethingRead MoreAristotle Is A Well Renowned Philosopher That Lived And866 Words   |  4 Pagesreduce to circular logic. How can something with a rational soul claim that its species has such based solely on the differences in the ability between the three cases without also acknowledging something of higher standing as per the justification for the existence for the previous souls? Why are humans able to reason? It is because they have a rational soul. Then why do they have a rational soul? It is because they are able to reason. Henceforth the argument is of circular logic. It does howeverRead MoreRenee Pann . Mid Term Essay. John Locke’S Limited Representationalism. March 12, 2017. A. . Do You Ever1417 Words   |  6 Pagescogitate, so many explications are out there and we still don’t have the answers we optate. John Locke, who wanted to test those questions was the first modern empiricist we studied. His philosophies were deeply influential on us. Locke argued that, â€Å"the mind represents the external world, but does not duplicate it.† (The Potency of Conceptions, 2002). His argument makes you genuinely contemplate subsistence and makes you second guess your opinion on what you cerebrate you wish to be true in life. His specificRead MoreThe Existence Of A Single Celled Organism1687 Words   |  7 Pagesargue God created man and everything around, and that what we distinguish now. Those who oppose the religious statement argue the idea of evolution and we all originate from a single celled organism. Each of these statements are limited for their justifications are supported by religion or science. Philosophically, both of these statements are not correct. Humanity relies excessively on religion and/or science for the answers to the questionable. Formulas and equations demonstrates the steps that areRead MoreEssay Existentialism1050 Words   |  5 Pagesthe diversity of positions associated with existentialism, a precise definition is impossible; however, it suggests one major theme: a stress on individual existence and, consequently, on subjectivity, individual freedom, and choice {3}. Existentialism also refers to a family of philosophies devoted to an interpretation of human existence in the world that stresses its concreteness and its problematic character. Existentialism is often seen as an irrationlist revolt against tradiational phylosphyRead MoreThe On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes1699 Words   |  7 Pageswork my way up†¦ I will accomplish this by putting aside everything that admits of the least doubt† (I, 17). He is able to establish his own existence, but struggles to move beyond his internal thoughts to discuss external objects. Descartes decides that the Christian God is the bridge he needs to escape the confines of his own mind, and argues for the existence of God in the Third Meditation in order to move on to discussing the physical world. In this paper I will argue that Descartes’ rationalistic

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Differences Between Latin And North America - 1279 Words

The Americas were conquered not discovered. Although Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas, the continent was already inhabited by its indigenous people. Once Europe realized that this continent existed, the race to inhabit land had begun. Spain sent several conquistadors to start building a large Spanish empire. The Americas were conquered because the Spanish explorers that arrived in the New World killed several Native Indians because they saw them as a threat. Instead of sharing the land, the spanish destroyed Native empires and created their own. 2. The differences between Latin America and North America are primarily due to the disparity between Spanish and English culture. Both Latin and North America are different, due to the Spanish and English ideals implemented in each area. The way of life in both regions are very different. Additionally, the trading and methods of making a stable economy, are substantially diverse. If the English had conquered Mexico and Peru instead of North America, their way of trade would be different. Furthermore, their structure of society and they way they would create their homes would be contrary to the ones they made in North America. Instead of relying on tobacco, the English would have to find another valuable staple crop such as cocoa beans to make most of their money. In addition, the various materials in Mexico and Peru would have to be used to make homes and other types of housing rather than what theShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between The French And Latin American Re volutions1044 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurred in the Americas, including those of North America and Latin America. The North American and Spanish American Revolutions were similar in that they both shared the common goal of liberation from the foreign colonial governments that ruled over them. However they differed in that there was no goal for social reform in the American Revolution, but in the Haitian Revolution the slaves had the goal of social reform of the rigid social class system. Another difference between the revolutionaryRead MoreAn Analysis of the Factors That Work to Bind and Separate North Central and South America1601 Words   |  6 PagesThe Americas An Analysis of the Factors that Work to both Bind and Separate North, Central, and South America Introduction The Americas is a region that has embarked on a constant evolution, resulting in a series of factors that bind the region together, as well as factors that divide it. There is no doubt that in todays society, people from all over the world are taking world regions just like The Americas for granted. Supported by the work of countless academics, this essay attempts toRead MoreLatin Americ The United States945 Words   |  4 PagesLatin America took similar revolutionary movements in the Spanish speaking nations that the United States took against England, but the paths they took after that vary greatly. The way that the Spanish and Portuguese had controlled Latin America played a large role in the set up for how Latin America would cope after gaining independence. There are several factors that play into why Latin America did not follow the same path as the United States, such as, their population, economy, and politicalRead MoreIslam and Continuities1628 Words   |  7 PagesTrace and analyze the changes and continuities in the environments of two of the regions of the world from 8000 BCE to present.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Europe  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sub-Saharan Africa  Ã‚  Ã‚   the Middle East  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   East Asia   Ã‚  Ã‚   SE Asia  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     South Asia  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Latin America  Ã‚  Ã‚   North America †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analyze the changes and continuities in China from the Zhou to the Song. Be sure to address political, social and economic factors as well as outside influences. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trace and analyze the evolution of slavery and serfdom fromRead MoreCCOT And CC Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pageseastern Europe from 600 to 1450. Evaluate the political changes and continuities over time in western and eastern Europe from 600 to 1450. Compare and contrast the economic and technology developments in Europe and East Asia from 600 – 1500 ce Americas Analyze the political economic continuities and changes in Mesoamerican societies from 600 - 1500 Compare the contrast the social and economic characteristics of the Mesoamerican societies with those of the Andean region from 600 to 1450, focusingRead MorePresident Franklin Roosevelt And The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesDuring a 1928 goodwill speech in Latin America, President Herbert Hoover said, â€Å"We have a desire to maintain not only the cordial relations of governments with each other, but also the relations of good neighbors† (United States History). Hence, the Good Neighbor phrase was coined as the Coolidge Administration was criticized for armed intervention in Latin America. The Hoover Administration’s policies were created to strengthen relations with Latin America; for instance the retraction of the TheodoreRead MoreU.s. A Multicultural Country1045 Words   |  5 PagesIn terms of diversity, the U.S. contains a lot of history, which makes them what they are now. Both the U.S. as well as Latin America were colonies, achieved independence mov ements and were directly influenced by countries like Spain and France. The difference relies that in the U.S., these European countries remained for a longer period of time, making the U.S. a multicultural country. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Queens, a major area of New York City is considered to be â€Å"theRead MoreCompetitive Swot Management International Equity1055 Words   |  5 PagesCommon themes that are shared between the two funds include the bottom-up approach and the requirements of sustainable competitive advantages and strong management teams. A key difference in the approaches is the emphasis on diversification from the Harding Loevner team. The differences in diversification can be illustrated by comparing portfolio concentration. PORTFOLIO CONCENTRATION Portfolio holdings information provided in the Appendix illustrates the differences in the concentration for the portfoliosRead MoreA Study Of Latin American History1308 Words   |  6 Pagestrends Caribbean Many often consider the study of Latin American history or subjects like race to show that Much of Latin American historical studies are comparative. Many of the Latin American countries have their own history but share similar cultural conductions concerning race. The history of race relations in Latin America has become a central theme in a fair amount of scholarly activities. This in turn has made the historiography of Latin America to become much more relevant when looking at raceRead MoreThe Importance Of Time To Change902 Words   |  4 PagesTime to Change has been successful in creating a movement and campaign against mental health stigma in England. Their national surveys show an overall attitude trend between 2008 and 2016 was positive with a 9.6% change, which is an estimated 4.1 million people with improved attitudes towards mental. They have also seen a positive trend in peoples willingness to live with, work with and continue a relationship with someone with mental hea lth problems improved by 11% (Time to Change). These statistics

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Media Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 842 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Abstract The essay will look at the various main characters and their outstanding contribution to the content of the play The Enemy Of The People. In the first paragraph being the brief content of the play and the main theme which drives the play to the end and an outline of the main characters. The body will include the contribution of the various characters to the production content of the play, how the play will frame discussion of an issue (either by repeating various story elements, by using common metaphors and others), how the main characters are being quoted and their role in the society(are they mainly advocates, policy makers, academic experts and others), how often the main characters are quoted and in what context, how the play tend to tell develop a certain theme while ignoring another. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Media Analysis" essay for you Create order From this findings , the essay will draw a conclusion. MEDIA ANALYSIS The primary issue in the play An Enemy Of The People is the misuse of power in order to maintain the status quo of the town to benefit the rich minority while hurting the easily duped majority. Dr Stockmans findings that Morten Kiils tannery is contaminating the towns springs is valid. But it is not received well by the mayor of the town who argues that when the proper measures to correct the problem are undertaken, the town will turn bankrupt, the mayor goes ahead to mislead the ailing majority that by ignoring the issue of health status and opting to tackle the issue of the springs promising a great future for everyone. The main characters in this play are Dr stockman the resident physician of a coastal Norweigan town. Enjoying financial success for the first time in his life, Stockmann is an energized, driven man, married, with three children and a close-knit circle of friends. After discovering that the town’s waters are contaminated and causing illness amongst the patient s and the local residents, he contacts the mayor to inform him of the necessity of gutting the town’s plumbing and re-laying the pipes in a more sanitary way. He is confident the mayor will respond quickly to his suggestions and he will be viewed as a hero by his neighbors. Peter stockman is the mayor of the town and a brother to Doctor Stockmann, the mayor, however, balks at Thomas’ suggestion of changing the town’s plumbing, which would halt the visitors to the springs and leave the town destitute. Confident the matter will â€Å"resolve itself† quickly, he informs Thomas that if he publicizes his findings about the water, he will lose his job (Ibsen,2016). Analyzing Elements In A Production Truth Versus Moral Degradation Dr Stockmann is used in this play to represent what is true and just for the town. He realizes that the springs are contaminated by the tannery above, the laboratory results are positive. He is used to drive the theme of justice by fighting for the majority. He does not hesitate to inform the concerned authorities of the measures to take in order to save the town in the long run. He vows to report on the findings to the public to warn them of using water from the springs. Peter Stockman is a representation of moral degradation. He assumes that the contaminated springs will correct themselves and that the public need not be informed of the contamination. This is a similar scenario to the media analysis entitled Between A Rock and a Hard Place An Analysis of Low Wage Workers it was a crucial first step in building a communications strategy to enhance the visibility of low-wage workers and the obstacles they face in pursuing the so called â€Å"American dream.† Based on the findings of the media analysis, the suggested strategy for advocates was to reframe their messages to portray low-wage workers as important contributors to the economy, rather than as sympathetic victims. (Wingate,2016). Peter stockmann does not think that the public are an important stakeholders who have the right to know the status of their town. Fight between the civilised minority and the government Dr Stockmann is used to represent the civilised majority who are well versed with their rights and who know the right decision to carry out in the midst of a crisis. He is completely contrasted with the other members of the town who seem not to understand what really is happening and that there is a life threatening issue that they seem to ignore because of lack of   information and being mislead by politicians like Peter Stockmann. The end of this play shows how the politicians use their power to turn the public against the achievement of a highly civilized individuals and cause lack of development in the nations (Brodow,2016) Conclusion From this we can draw conclusions that the society (comprised of the government, the public and the minority group of civlised citizens) should work in harmony with each other in order to bring out the best from the environment and lead to a win- win situation for all parties.

Saturday, May 9, 2020

Essay Writing Funny - How to Write Funny

<h1>Essay Writing Funny - How to Write Funny</h1><p>Essay composing interesting is significantly simpler than one may might suspect. The correct point is obviously the most significant interesting point. The capacity to record amusing goes to a couple of various things, including having a unique and fascinating point that will cause the peruser to sit up and take notice.</p><p></p><p>The principle parts of a decent exposition composing clever incorporate the theme itself, yet in addition how you present your subject in the article. There are numerous kinds of jokes recorded as a hard copy. The primary sort is a kind of joke or tale that is utilized as a turn of phrase in a story. The best part about this kind of article composing amusing is that it is anything but difficult to compose, the crowd can comprehend it effectively, and they can tell a variety of things from the way that you have told a story.</p><p></p><p>Wh en composing jokes you need to abstain from utilizing words like that in the title of your paper. In the event that the story is set in the present, utilizing those words could cause it to appear as though you are making a quip from a timeframe that is far away. Utilizing a story for a joke can likewise be troublesome on the grounds that it requires various abilities, including realizing when to utilize humor and when to adhere to a meaningful boundary among humor and too much.</p><p></p><p>When composing jokes, you need to evade a lot of earnestness and in certainty you ought to stay away from mockery in the event that you need to have the option to compose clever. At the point when you are attempting to make a quip, it ought to be straightforward and perused. It ought to likewise be entertaining without anybody specifically feeling offended.</p><p></p><p>Writing the paper additionally necessitates that you have a couple of various th oughts going on the double. While composing the story, you should have the option to discuss a wide range of things. While you might be attempting to make a wisecrack that could include numerous individuals and give them a sentiment of diversion, simultaneously, you have to have a thought of what will occur later on, as well. Notwithstanding having the option to recount to a story and do it in a manner that is entertaining, you additionally need to have a decent method for composing your exposition, which you can achieve through your language structure. When composing articles, it is frequently hard to ensure that you express what is on your mind, and that you make a decent syntax mistake. Your spelling is significant. This is the reason it is constantly a smart thought to recruit an expert author or educator to assist you with your paper writing.</p><p></p><p>Essay composing clever likewise requires a great deal of arrangement. You can't hope to have the opt ion to compose entertaining without anyone else. The best counsel that I can give when you are initially starting to compose a story for a class, or to compose a particular sort of paper, is to get an expert to support you. It is particularly useful on the off chance that you are attempting to compose a joke based essay.</p><p></p><p>Of course, in the event that you have ever attempted to compose a joke based exposition, at that point you realize that the best exhortation you can offer is to let the thoughts stream from your head and to let your hands do the composition. At the point when you have some available time, attempt to begin composing and make it as clever as could reasonably be expected. Do this and you will before long be recounting stories that have everybody laughing.</p>

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 859 Words

It is not enough to simply want to help member of the military. There is a need for true cultural knowledge and competency. Roughly 1.7 million troops deployed to operation Enduring and Iraqi Freedom. The engagement in war has significant psychological and physical wounds for military personnel. Between 19 and 38% of recently returning veterans report having emotional difficulties. As many as 20% of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans suffer from some form of invisible wounds of was. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or military sexual trauma. A high number of military members with various injuries such as loss of limbs, as well as other physical wounds. Many military personnel have to struggle with the thoughts of can I continue to do my job efficiently and effectively. Being in the military for 6 years and being deployed to Iraq I fully understand how many military personnel are going through with recent war time hardships. The traumatic experience that I had been through while I wa s in the Navy and the lack of care that I received from the counselors made me realize that being a military counselor is something that I want to do. Also that there is a great need for counselors that care for people and truly want to help fight against PTSD and other mental traumas that come from being in the military. Licensed professional counselors for military personnel and their families. A confidential non-medical counseling in short term (up to 12 sessions) and solution-focused. It isShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course itRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. In a person not affected by post-traumatic stress disorder this response activates only in times of great stress or life threatening situations. â€Å"If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipated

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Essay writing on Project Management of Coca Cola Free Solution

Question: Describe about the comparative analysis of competitive position, Factors to be considered for trading across borders and Critical Analyssis of Relevant Academic Theories of Coca Cola? Answer: 1. Introduction Coca-Cola is the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer and distributer of non alcoholic beverages and syrups. Coca Cola is the leading American multinational beverage corporation. The company is headquartered in Atlanta (Us.coca-cola.com, 2015). The company is known for its flagship product Coca-Cola. It operates a franchised system of distribution. The product of the company is the syrup concentrate which is sold to various bottlers all over the world. The company has become one of the leading beverages in the world by its long history of acquisitions (Associated Press, 2015). It has acquired various big brands like Minute Maid, Thumps Up and Barbq. Apart from these known brands it has also acquired other brands like Odwalla, Fuze Beverages. The company offers more than 500 brands across 200 countries. It was the first brand to introduce the concept of diet soft drink using saccharin and sugar substitute. Apart from its own brand it offers other soft drinks named as Sprite and Fanta (Cocacolaweb.online.fr, 2015). It has also launched some healthy brands which include Minute Maid juices, Nestea, Fruitopia, Dasani water and other juices like Simply Orange. It is one of the best selling brands in most of the countries. It was the number one global brand for the year 2010. Middle East is one of those regions where Coca-Cola is sold as the number one brand. In Japan the bestselling brand is Georgia instead of Coca-Cola. South Australia is the place where the milk product outsells the sale of Coca-Cola. The company has emerged as the global leaders in the production of beverages in the world. This has been possible as a result of strategic planning by the owners of the organization (Stamfordmercury.co.uk, 2015). They have been constantly innovating their product and the marketing strategy so that it is not affected from the severe competition from other beverage companies like PepsiCo (Jordan, 2012). It has expanded its beverage portfolio via innovation, strategic a cquisitions. They undertook selective strategies for packaging to meet the increase in demand from the consumers. They undertook the best practices throughout the value chain. They adapted to the changes in the environment in a positive way and developed their asset structure. The company increased its geographic footprint in order to increase the economic growth of the company via strategic joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions. It has committed itself to the setting up of a multi cultural collaborative team. The company has powerful global brand presence (BBC News, 2012). It continuously monitors the beverage to the customers in order to capture the growth in the market. This will help to satisfy the need of the customers. It is venturing into strategies to satisfy the need of the customers. They offer a complete beverage portfolio to the customer including carbonated drinks, beverages, juices, tea etc. They are constantly in search for strategies to deepen their relationship w ith the customers. They have developed multi faceted relationship with the customers. They have entered into partnership with the customers on multiple fronts from the management of knowledge to the development of the market to ensure long term relationship with the customers (News.google.com, 2015). 2. Comparative Analysis of Competitive Position of Coca Cola in Various markets Coca cola is the industry leader in global beverage market. Though it is based in United States, the products are available in more than 200 countries across the globe. In the dynamic international business environment, Coca cola has been focusing on adoption of effective strategies for confronting the market rivals in order to achieve sustainable growth in future. This section will emphasize on undertaking a comparative study though analysis of the competitive position of Coca Cola in various markets (Anderson and Vincze, 2004). This section has been structured to discuss the competitive position and strategy of the company in each market. It must be noted that the rise in earnings of Coca Cola and Pepsi has been leaded by the price rise of the beverages. Competitive position of Coca Cola in US Market Coca cola has various brands in the market of United States. The popular brands include Coca Cola, Sprite, Fata, Diet Coke, Coca Cola Zero, Ciel, Simply Orange, Mello Yello, Dasani, Coca Cola Light, burn, Honest Tea, Fuze etc (Coca-Cola Company, 2015). Recently, it has been reported that the sales of Coca Cola in North America has grown in the last financial quarter (Rodriguez, 2015). However, it has been found that the sales in North America was up by 2% in the fourth quarter of 2014, it has been reported that the global earning of company has declines by 55% in the fourth quarter (Choi, 2015). In United States, the major competitor of Coca Cola is PepsiCo. In the US market, PepsiCo as been reported 1% rise in the business in the same quarter (Esterl, 2015). The consumers are becoming more health conscious and there is decline in the sales of carbonated beverages. Coca cola ad its rival PepsiCo both has launched zero calorie drinks. Additionally, the market rival Pepsi can have a sight buffer from the declines in sales though its popular juice products such as Tropicana. On the other hand, Minute Maid of Coca Cola is not so popular. It must be noted that diversification of Coca Cola in Gold Peak and Fuze brand are found to be an effective competitive strategy for the US market. Energy drinks of Coca Cola such as Red Bull and Monster has not been able to achieve significant growth (Arnett, 2015). In the extremely competitive US market, Coca Cola has adopted price cutting strategy for enhancing its market share (Esterl, 2015). Competitive position of Coca Cola in Australian Market Carbonated soft drinks are one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages in Australia. The Australian beverage market is consisted of wide range of products (Australian Beverages, 2013). Coca cola has been able to gain significant market share in the Australian market. Pepsico is the major competitor of Coca cola in this market. However, some local soft drink brands such as Back o Bourke, Tarax, Woodroofe, LA Ice Cola etc. are popular in the regional markets of Australia. Coca cola offers wide range of products including coca cola, coca cola zero, diet coke, Fanta, Lift, Sprite, Pump, Powerade, Glaceau, Goulbburn Valley, Mother, Nestea, Barista Bros etc (Coca Cola Australia, 2015). The beverage company Coca Cola has been receiving significant challenge from its international rival Pepsi in the Australian market. Pepsi along with some soft drinks sold in the supermarkets of blue collar areas are cheaper. In the last financial year, the revenue of the company has demonstrated that it has declined due to price war of the low priced Pepsi and some local soft drinks (Mitchell, 2013). It has been found that in the lower socio-economic areas, the sales of Coca Cola has been affected due to low consumer confidence. However, the MD of Coca Cola, Terry Davis has identified that the overall business in the major districts of Australia has exhibited good result. Coca Cola had to decline its prices as Pepsi has been offering huge discounting. Additionally, the price has been declined for posing a threat to the new product Pepsi Next (Williams, 2013). It has been found that the consumers are seeking value and choosing cheaper products in the grocery stores such as Smart Buy cola which costs 1/3 rd of the price of Coca Cola (Mitchell, 2013). Presently, in order to respond to the competition in the Australian market Coca Cola has focused on cost cutting by launching new products such as iced coffee, low sugar Coke. Additionally, it has focused on spending more in marketing activities (Mitchell, 2015). Competitive position of Coca Cola in UK Market The soft beverage market of United Kingdom is significantly competitive. It has been found that the major competitors of Coca Col are PepsiCo, Classic Cola, Bing, red Col, Maine, Lucozade, Cocofina, Evoca Cola, Tango etc. It has been found that Coca Cola has started losing its market share in United Kingdom since 2012. On the other hand, it must be noted that the sales volume along with value of share of PepsiCo in the market of United Kingdom. In 2012, it has been reported that the sales volume of Coca Cola has declined by 3.3%. Coca Cola has been putting significant effort by investing in marketing activities for achieving greater market share in United Kingdom. For example, Coca Cola has made significant investment for sponsoring the London 2012 Olympics. On the other hand, it has been found, competitive marketing position of PepsiCo is better than Coca Cola since 2012. In 2012, it has been reported that the sales value of Pepsi had increased by 7.4% and sales volume was increased by 10%. The marketing and promotional strategies of PepsiCo have been found to be highly effective. It has been found that Red Bull has been able to enhance its popularity in the recent years(Wilson and Gilligan, 2005). Additionally, Lucozade is gaining significant market share in the beverage market of United Kingdom (Bouckley, 2013). The growing health consciousness has dropped the popularity of high calorie soft drinks. It has been observed that PepsiCo has been challenging the sales of Coca cola by launching low calorie drinks. 68% of the retail sales of PepsiCo are generated from the low calorie drinks. However, Diet Coke and Coca Cola Zero are the low calorie carbonated beverages launched by Coca Cola. PepsiCo has signed the Public Health Responsibility Deal (Bouckley, 2013). Therefore, Pepsi has reduced amount of sugar by 4% in the regular Pepsi. Additionally, it has started to use sugar free Pepsi MAX for effective marketing communication with the health conscious audience (Britvic Soft Drinks Ltd, 2015). In response to the marketing strategy of PepsiCo, Coca Cola has decided to cut the calorie by 30% through reformulation of its product lines and decided to invest 15 million pound. Presently, Coca Cola has been focusing on promoting the no calorie drinks through enhancing the marketing budget by 25% at the end of 2014. In September 2014, in the highly competitive UK market, Coca Cola has launched Coca Cola Life which has lower calorie than normal Coke. Additionally, in order to respond to the changing lifestyle trends, Coca Cola has innovated plant based sweetener named Stevia. Coca Cola has aimed to communicate the health conscious values by shifting to the natural green labeling(Whitwell, 2014). Competitive position of Coca Cola in Asian Market Coca Cola has been focusing on adoption of expansion strategy in the emerging markets of Asia. It has been identified that Russia, China and the emerging markets of Asia is considered to be a booming market for soft drinks. According to the International president of Coca Cola, 2/3 rd of the business is significantly reliant on the emerging market (Kotabe and Helsen, 2008). The strategic marketing position of the Coca Cola in developed countries has focused on the large profit margin as well as innovation (Parry, 2005). On the other hand, Coca cola has been focusing on enhancing the sales as well as customer loyalty as the competition is intense in these markets (Buckinx and Van den Poel, 2005). China and India has huge opportunities and Coca Cola has been focusing on attracting the middle class in Asian market (Rudarakanchana, 2015). Pepsi is the major rival of Coca Cola in the Asian market. Coca Cola has decided to launch new product lines as well as establish factory in China by i nvesting 4 billion dollars for meeting the growing demand along with addressing the growing level of competition. On the other hand, Pepsi has been focusing on expansion in Chinese market through improving distribution strategy by tying up with Tingyi Cayman Islands Holding Corp. In order to compete in the Asian market, Coca Cola has launched fruit drinks and encouraging the consumers for incorporating carbonated beverages in the local cooking (Lin, 2013). Earlier, Coca Cola was losing market share to Wang Lao Ji as it produces herbal tea for the Chinese consumers. Hence, the decision of Coca Cola of buying Huiyuan has helped in developing a positive healthy image to the health conscious consumers (Rein, 2009). India is the sixth largest market of Coca Cola and the market position of the company is growing stronger through increasing sales (Bhushan, 2012). 3. Factors to be considered for trading across borders Coca-Cola is one of the most globally active international companies. The majority of the sales of the company are outside United States. It is one of the experienced in dealing with the international markets which includes Egypt and Pakistan (saylor.org, 2015). The political tension in the country affects the business environment in these two places which has established an uncertain business environment for the company. But it has thrived hard to prove itself in the international market. The right key behind the success of the organization is its perfect blend of the local business strategies with the international business strategy. The franchisee system has been favorable for the organization. Thus the effectiveness of the organization depends on the relationship with the other brands and the bottlers (Ajc.com, 2015). Entering into the foreign market is like discovering the new territory for the owners of the business. There are different laws, business strategies, economies and currency in the foreign country. There are cultural differences that impede the success of the organization. According to the Krishna (2005), the nature of every business is to achieve a huge learning curve on entering the foreign market by adoption of new strategies of business (pwc.com, 2013). Coca cola can venture into the new markets by using potential strategies for international business. The market share of Coca-Cola in Africa and Middle East is 29%. Africa and Middle East can be a potential market for Coca-Cola (gov.uk, 2015). Business Strategy of Coca-Cola in African market Economic and Political factors From the business point of view Africa is a potential market. There are growing opportunities for business in Africa (Hri.org, 2015). Coca- Cola has emerged as the business leader in United States and Europe. But the market share of the company in Africa is comparatively low. After the global financial crisis, the sub Saharan region has maintained an overall GDP growth rate of more than 5 %. The trend of strong GDP growth of the country has facilitated the GDP growth in the country. The sub Saharan region continues to attract highest rates of foreign direct investment. The complexity of the African region has been too kept in mind while developing the business model (Amechi, 2015). Coca-Cola can make their presence in the African market by venturing into the cities like Cape Town. The target market of Coca- Cola will be the middle income earners (Falola and Achberger, 2013). They tend to spend. The purchasing power of the middle income earners is increasing as a growth of the GDP of the country. One of the effective ways in which the challenges and complexities in the African market can be explored is via targeting the small sized national markets in the continent (Oppong, 2011). There is possibility of free trade in these areas where the tariffs on internal trade is close to zero. The multinational companies venturing into Africa have hubs established in Nigeria and South Africa. The regional operations are managed from these areas (Hope, 2002). Availability of labor force But while venturing into the potential market of Africa, the major thing that has to be considered is the shortage of skilled labor in the country. There is shortage of talent curbed innovation in Africa (BBC News, 2013). The talent cost has tripled over the years. It is challenging to recruit and retain the skilled laborers and middle managers in the country. But there are some companies in Africa that have trained their workforce. But the cost of training is high. One of the potential ways in which Coca-Cola can succeed is via building proactive relationships with the local people in the countries in which they are operating. The local financial institutions can participate for the success of the organization (BBC News, 2013). This will drive the success of Coca-Cola in Africa and increase its market share. The African market is not different from the other market of the developing market in terms of infrastructure, markets, politics and opportunities. Demographics South Africa is one of the most unequal countries in the world. But there is potential distribution of income. The middle class continues to expand. There has been a robust growth in the consumption expenditure (The Economist, 2014). The consumer flock of the country is increasing tremendously. There has been rapid growth in the population of Africa. There is large bulge of youth in the country. They will form a potential workforce for the country. The growth of the population has been attributed with the growth of the disposable income of the consumers. The youth will form a potential market for Coca-Cola (afdb.org, 2015). The company can gain market share in Africa by competitive pricing policy and extensive advertisements. This will increase the market share of the company in Africa(Karen Gaia Pitts and Karen Gaia Pitts, 2015). Culture The cultural factors play an important role in International business. It is important for Coca-Cola to understand the diversity in the culture of the country before venturing into the country. The population in the country is diverse. The cultural diversity has to be addressed by Coca-Cola in order to open a store in the country (Africanculturalcenter.org, 2015). The ethics and values of the culture of Africa have to be nurtured. The cultural regeneration has been the major attribute of the country post independence. Africa is rich in arts and crafts. Coca-Cola can venture into the African market via promotional activities depicting their culture, arts and crafts. The consumers will find associated with the brand and they will prefer Coca-Cola over the other soft drink brands in the country. Business strategy of Coca-Cola in the Middle East Coca- Cola has been struggling to venture into the Arab world. The business of the company in Middle East during the period of 1968 to 1991 as it was boycotted by the Arab League (Heritage.org, 2015). The business of the company was affected. But the company has increased its market share in the Arab world even after having close association with the American values. The largest market of Coca- Cola in the Middle East is in Egypt. It is one of the oldest operating sites in Egypt. It can explore the other potential markets in Egypt. This will increase the market share of the company in the world (OECD, 2014). Coca-Cola can explore the other parts of Middle East. Since the economy of the Middle East is diverse, it can venture into other countries like Iran , Israel , Iraq , United Arab Emirates and Qatar (Feiler, 2000). Economy and Political factors The economy of the Middle East is diverse. Each country is unique economic performance. The individual economies differ. The economies range from socialist economies to free market economies. It is known for its oil production (Saudiembassy.net, 2015). Among the several countries in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates can become a potential market for Saudi Arabia. The GDP growth of these two countries has been sound. Saudi Arabia has a bund of young population (Heritage.org, 2015). They will potential customers for Coca-Cola. UAE is the second largest Arab world and it is one of the successful diversified economies. The 71% of its GDP comes from the non oil sector. Coca-Cola can form a potential market in the economy. UAE is making continuous effort to attract foreign direct investment in the country. Investments will boost the economic growth of the country. Thus it will be a potential market for Coca-Cola. Thus , analysis of the economic and political factors plays an important role in the international business. Availability of workforce Analysis of the availability of potential workforce in Middle East is an important factor to be considered for International business. The major agenda of Saudi Arabia is to develop the education system of the country. It is making huge investments in education and training program (Cadmus.eui.eu, 2015). It is developing the youth of the country to become the potential workforce of the future in order to make Saudi Arabia knowledge based economy. It has welcomed abundance of foreign workers in the country which includes highly skilled professionals and the cost of labor is low. Thus it can be a potential market for Coca-Cola (migrationpolicy.org, 2004). Demographics Unlike PepsiCo, Coca-cola can establish a strong market in Saudi Arabia. The beauty about Middle East is that it has expanded vastly over the past years. The significant growth of the size of the Saudi Arabian market will open up new opportunities for Coca-Cola.In terms of demography; the dominant population in Saudi Arabia is the younger population. The population of Saudi Arabia is young. There is tremendous possibility of growth in this country. The younger population will form the potential customers for Pepsico. The economy of Saudi Arabia is recovering. With the GDP growth of the country, the purchasing power is increasing. This will increase the sale of the company in Saudi Arabia (escwa.un.org, 2015). Culture Business will be successful internationally if the company can adapt to the culture of the foreign country. The culture of Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates is based on their Islamic religion. It has transformed into a rich commodity producer in the recent years. There are various forms of restrictions in the country. Coca-Cola has to keep it in mind before starting the International business in Saudi-Arabia (U.S. Department of State, 2015). 4. Critical Analysis of Relevant Academic Theories Competitive position of an organization can be substantiated with the aid of different academic theories. In the dynamic, international business environment, Coca Cola has adopted various competitive strategies for confronting with the market rivals and ensuring sustainable growth across the globe. First of all, Porters Generic Strategy Grid can be applied in case of competitive strategies of Coca Cola. According to the Porters Generic Strategy Grid theory, there are four strategies for achieving competitive advantage for responding to the high level of competition in different terms across 200 countries in the world (Kotler and Keller, 2008). The following diagram illustrates the four competitive strategies proposed by Porter: Cost leadership strategy is one of the effective strategies for gaining competitive advantage. This strategy majorly focuses on enhancing profit through cost reduction which can charge the average pricing of the industry(Prajogo, 2007). It significantly helps in achieving increased market share through offering same value at lower price. The enhanced sales help in compensating the reduced profit margin. Efficient logistics, low cost labor, materials and adoption of new technology can contribute in achievement of cost leadership (Mohan Das Gandhi, Selladurai and Santhi, 2006). Differentiation strategy is associated with making the products distinct from its competitors in order to attract the consumers. It requires significant investment in research and innovation (Hutt and Speh, 2007). It needs to differentiate its product in terms of quality or introduce a new feature which caters the unfulfilled or unidentified demand of the customers. Additionally, effective marketing strategy mus t be adopted by the company for communicating the advantages of the differentiated products. Focus strategy emphasizes on concentrating n the niche market through understanding the market dynamics and the exclusive demands of the customers so that well specified products at affordable price of the niche market can be developed. It may be cost focus or differentiation focus (Winer, 2007). In case of Coca Cola, both cost leadership and differentiation strategy has been adopted for gaining competitive advantage in various markets. In case of US, the company has adopted cost cutting strategy for achieving cost leadership (Kotabe and Helsen, 2008). It aims to achieve greater market share in the extensively competitive market. In the Australia, cost leadership as well as differentiation strategy has been adopted by Australia for responding to the marketing strategies of rivals. Cost cutting as well as introduction of new product line for meeting the need of the health conscious Australians has been adopted by Coca Cola. On the other hand, in case of UK, differentiation strategy is adopted by analyzing the preference of UK market for healthy beverages (Hutt and Speh, 2007). The emerging markets of Asia have been found to be extremely competitive. Hence, cost leadership strategy will be appropriate for enhancing the market share (Li and Li, 2008). Additionally, according to the need too different market such as health conscious Chinese consumers, Coca Cola has adopted differentiated strategy for confronting rivals producing healthy beverages (Anderson and Vincze, 2004). Theories for International Business The PEST identifies the political, economic, social and technological factors that have to be considered in International Business. Coca-Cola will explore the potential market of Africa and Middle East. Political factors Political factors play an important role in analyzing the business opportunities in the foreign country. The factors that have to be considered while venturing into the foreign markets are the standards set by the Government in the foreign country. Coca Cola has to adapt to the Occupational Safety and Health Act. It is important for the company to consider the political factors while venturing into the foreign country. The government regulation in Africa is in favor of international business. Saudi Arabia and UAE promotes international business. Thus it is feasible to expand the business in these two markets. Economic Factors Economic factors play a major role in setting up the business in the International market. The economy of the chosen countries has shown potential growth in the past years. The economic factors play a major role in the growth of the economy. The GDP of the country, inflation, employment rate are potential factors for judging the economic condition of the country. Social Factors It is imperative to analyze the social and cultural factors existing in the foreign country. The business venture in the foreign country will be successful if the social and the cultural factors are coherent with the values and ethics of the corporate. Coca- Cola will venture into the two broad economies of Africa and Middle East. Thus it is important for the company to explore the social and cultural factors. The company will be able to formulate its advertising and marketing strategy on the basis of its unique cultural and social attributes. This will widen the approach of the commercials and the company will be able to address to a larger share of the market. The availability of labor force is one of the potential factors for growth of the company in the foreign country. There is potential workforce in Africa as well as in Middle East countries. Thus these two countries will form a potential market in terms of labor force and manpower. Technological factors The company has to consider the technological factors for establishing the business in the foreign market. The business will not be able to survive in the foreign market with the absence of adequate technological advancements. Thus the company has to explore the foreign market and make an analysis of the development of technology in that market. This will help the company to survive in the long run in the country. Africa is a developing country. The technological advancement in the country has been positive for the growth of the companies. The Middle East countries are known for its richness in oil. At the same time, these countries are technologically advanced. This will be a positive factor for the growth of the business in the International market. 5. Conclusion This paper has provided significant insight to the competitive marketing strategy in the international business activities of Coca Cola. First of all, a comparative analysis has been conducted through extensive research for analyzing the competitive position of Coca Cola in different markets. Coca Cola is the leading soft beverage brand of the globe and it needs to continuously assess the competitive market for responding to the changing needs of the customers along with the different strategies of the competitors. This paper has indentified that in North America, the competitive position of the company is better but the overall sales have declined. The strongest competitor of Coca Cola is Pepsi. The company has adopted cost leadership strategy for boosting up sales in the US market. Analyzing the competitive position of Coca Cola in Australian market, it has been found that the products are high priced. Hence, the consumers prefer low priced Pepsi and other supermarket brands as the Australian consumers are looking for value. Coca Cola has decided to adopt cost cutting strategy to sustain in the price war among the competitors. Additionally, it has been focusing on launching low calorie products for attracting the health conscious consumers. In case of the UK market, it has been found that the position of Coca Cola has been declining. On the other hand, the biggest rival, Pepsi has been able to enhance its market volume through launching low calorie soft drinks. Hence, Coca Cola has focused on adoption of differentiated strategy by launching Coca Cola Life. Additionally, the company has focused on effective marketing communication strategy to make the customers aware of the healthy soft beverages launched by Coca Cola. Emerging market of Asia has been found to have significant potential for growth and almost two third of the companys revenue is dependent on the sales in emerging markets. Especially, in China and India the competitive position of Coca Cola is good but the markets are extremely challenging due to high level of competition. Hence, it has to keep the prices low for sustaining in the price war. Additionally, for confronting with the rivals producing healthy beverages has been addressed by innovation and differentiation. Second part of this paper has focused on discussing the factors that need to be considered at the time of considering integration of business activities in the foreign markets. In this paper, the business expansion of Coca Cola in the Middle East and African markets has been discussed. In this paper has identified the importance of economic factors of that nation such as GDP, income per capita, income distribution etc. Additionally, social and cultural factors are considered in this paper for developing effective business expansion strategies in foreign markets. Psychological factors of the target market and their need to be analyzed for developing effective marketing strategies. References afdb.org, (2015).Briefing Notes for AfDBs Long-Term Strategy. 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Disease Prevention And Control HCV Problem

Question: Discuss about theDisease Prevention And Control for HCV Problem. Answer: 1.According to 2015 report on Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Australia, about 2,30,000 people are living with hepatitis C. In Victoria, 65000 people are inflicted with the diseases. Only 2% of 2,30,000 individuals with hepatitis C have treated annually (HCV STI, 2015). 2.The data on HCV is dependent on Victorian Government prison health service report and the estimation by Victorian Health Department. 3.People at more risk of infection in the Yarra Council area include people with culturally and linguistically diverse background, prisoners, older people and individuals who start taking injecting drugs. About 90% of prisoners with Hepatitis C have settled in Yarra City Council Area, so individuals in the area are at more risk of acquiring the infection. 4.The first step that I will take in planning an HCV infection in Yarra council will be to identify the level of disease outbreak in the area and apply a range of strategies for disease prevention. I need to access the existing surveillance program in the area and find any drawbacks in it. The aim will be to combine preventive strategies with new anti-viral drugs and transform Yarra council area from HCV epidemic to rare disease zone. There is a plan for raising community awareness program and educating people how to prevent transmission of the virus. The people whom I will involve in this drive will include partner organizations, volunteers, support groups, public health activist and most importantly the health professionals and health organization (Schatz Nougier, 2012). Hepatitis C infection causes inflammation in the liver and may lead to liver cancer death in some cases. There are six genotypes of hepatitis C, out of which genotype 1 and 3 causes the majority of HCV infection. The treatment is also dependent on the type of genotypes, the virus is mainly transmitted through exposure to contaminated blood, via mother to child transmission, faulty infection control in health care setting, by sharing needles, and unsafe body piercing practices. Therefore the plan is to educate public about this necessary information about HCV infection. The awareness raising program will inform the public about the disease and its cause. It will mainly target those populations who are at more risk. People will be advised on preventing infection by avoiding exposure to contaminated blood, not sharing the needle, practicing safe sex and getting a tattoo done only by licensed tattoo artist who practices sanitary procedures (Grebely et al., 2013). The preventive strategies for minimizing HCV infection include investing in the development of health care workers and health care agencies so that they can effectively respond to cases of HCV infection. I will ensure that the residents of Yarra Council Area are aware of the problem and have access to all information about the disease. I will try to make the best drugs and treatment available for fighting the disease. After the advances in antiviral treatment, many effective drugs are available for treatment of Hepatitis C. I will make sure that new medicines like Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi), Daclatasvir (Daklinza) and Ribavirin (Ibavyr) are available in the area as soon as possible (Dwyer et al., 2016). Many virus is transmitted due carelessness of heath care staffs and exposing the patient to contaminated needles and blood. The aim of intervention plan is to decrease the incidence of Hepatitis C by 50% increasing access to sterile injecting equipment and needle in health care clinic. It i s also designed to implement a rapid testing program for HCV infection for early diagnosis, timely treatment and minimizing the transmission rate and morbidity associated with the disease. Early diagnosis will reduce the risk of progression of the disease to liver damage, and it will improve the quality of life too. There is also need to upgrade and review primary care model so that continued testing and care program is readily available. The concentration will also be in high-risk groups such as prisons as it the breeding ground for transmission in Yarra Council area (Sarrazin et al., 2012). 5.The complete picture about HCV problem in the area can be acquired by investigating epidemiological data on the disease outbreak in the area and evaluating the surveillance program at Yarra. Examining the prevalence of illness among people in imprisonment should also be a priority as prisoners are also responsible for disease transmission in Yarra area. There is disproportionate data on HCV infection compared to other chronic diseases. So for appropriate response and intervention, more investment should be on research and surveillance to that correct picture of Hepatitis C is available and priority area can be identified (Giles et al., 2016). 6.There are many social and economic barriers in implementing disease control program in Yarra Council area. Apart from morbidity and mortality, social and economic burden of the disease also inconvenience people. Lack of appropriate data on HCV infection will also be a problem in implementing prevention program because unless priority area is identified, intervention is useless. The high cost of new HCV drugs and therapies will also be a barrier in a prevention program (Schatz Nougier, 2012). Therefore it will be necessary to make affordable treatment options available so that more and more people get treated and nobody is left untreated. Health provider and patient-related barrier also exist where negligence by medical staff expose people to HCV virus infection. Many prisoners with the infection have also settled in the community. They will also create significant risk for other people and it will be necessary to immediately arrange testing programs for HCV infection and initiate treatment procedure as soon as possible (Bretaa et al., 2015). The lag time between the development of disease and diagnosis will also be a concern for implementing infection control program. It means a delay in seeking treatment and more risk of transmission since people are unaware of the condition. Stigma and discrimination also exist in society. This will be a barrier to accessing treatment and monitor the disease. The intervention plan will also try to minimize the stigma and discrimination associated with disease in Yarra. It will support such individual and educate the affected community (Wedemeyer et al., 2014). Reference Bretaa, N. A., Boelen, L., Bull, R., Teutsch, S., White, P. A., Lloyd, A. R. (2015). Transmission of hepatitis C Virus among prisoners, Australia, 20052012.Emerg Infect Dis,21(5), 765-74. Dwyer, R., Power, R., Denham, G., Dietze, P. (2016). Public injecting and public amenity in an inner-city suburb of Melbourne, Australia.Journal of Substance Use,21(2), 162-169. Giles, M. L., Zapata, M. C., Wright, S. T., Petoumenos, K., Grotowski, M., Broom, J., ... O'Connor, C. C. (2016). How do outcomes compare between women and men living with HIV in Australia? An observational study.Sexual health,13(2), 155-161. Grebely, J., Matthews, G. V., Lloyd, A. R., Dore, G. J. (2013). Elimination of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs through treatment as prevention: feasibility and future requirements.Clinical infectious diseases,57(7), 1014-1020. HCV, H., STI, H. (2015). Annual Surveillance Report 2015. Sarrazin, C., Hzode, C., Zeuzem, S., Pawlotsky, J. M. (2012). Antiviral strategies in hepatitis C virus infection.Journal of hepatology,56, S88-S100. Schatz, E., Nougier, M. (2012). Drug consumption rooms: Evidence and practice.London: International Drug Policy Consortium. Wedemeyer, H., Duberg, A. S., Buti, M., Rosenberg, W. M., Frankova, S., Esmat, G., ... Aleman, S. (2014). Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden.Journal of viral hepatitis,21(s1), 60-89.